Brazil, under the coordination of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) participates in the goal of elimination of FMD in the South American continent, according to the Hemispheric Plan for Eradication of Foot and Mouth Disease (PHEFA).
       
       The National Program for Prevention and Eradication of FMD (PNEFA) is the main strategy progressive deployment and maintenance of disease free zones in accordance with the guidelines established by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
       
       The implementation of PNEFA is shared between the different levels of hierarchy of the official veterinary service to private sector participation. The state governments, represented by the state secretariats of agriculture and related institutions, is responsible for implementing the statewide PNEFA.
       
       Brazil has been used fairly intense process of zoning to advance towards the eradication of FMD. In a period of some years the country, gradually, has implanted in the national territory a zone free from FMD with vaccination that today represents approximately 50% of the national territory, where they concentrate 75% of the bovine population.
       
       The process of establishment of zone free of FMD in the country involves different stages which can be summarized as:
       
       1. Identification of livestock circuit, with the grouping of states and of states according to the intensity of trade in cattle,
       
       2. Meetings with participation of the veterinary services of the states involved and the private sector, aiming to establish a schedule of activities,
       
       3. Assessment of animal health surveillance system existing in the states involved and the possibilities for control and prevention of entry of animals and products of risk,
       
       4. Definition of the geographical area to be considered in the establishment of free zone with deployment of fixed monitoring at strategic points,
       
       5. Realization of technical audit of the system of local animal health protection and seroepidemiologic survey for assessment of viral activity,
       
       6. National recognition of the area as free of FMD with vaccination, with the publication of specific rules to control the entry of animals and products of risk,
       
       7. Referral for evaluation of national recognition and international recognition.
       
       Condition of health of Brazil in relation to FMD, OIE:
       
       
       
       Source: http://www.agricultura.gov.br/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/MAPA
       / PROGRAMS / AREA_ANIMAL / PNEFA_NOVO / MAPAS_AFTOSA / MAP% 20FA% 20AGO% 202008.PDF
       
       LEGEND:
       
       ** Amazon: Cities area considered free of FMD with vaccination only: Boca do Acre and Guajará.
       
       ** List of municipalities and from municipalities located in the central-south of Pará State with national recognition of FMD free with vaccination:
       
       1. Blue Water North
       2 Altamira
       3. Anapu
       4. Aveiro
       5. Baiao 1
       6. Bannach
       7. Brasil Novo
       8. Brejo Grande do Araguaia
       9. Canaan dos Carajás
       10. Conceição do Araguaia
       11. Cumaru do Norte
       12. Curionópolis
       13. Eldorado do Carajás
       14. Floresta do Araguaia
       15. Itaituba
       16. Itupiranga
       17. Jacareacanga
       18. Marabá 2
       19. Medicilândia
       20. New Progress
       21. New Repartimento
       22. Ourilândia North
       23. Pacajá
       24. Palestine Pará
       25. Parauapebas
       26. Pau Darco
       27. Piçarras
       28. Plates
       29. Porto de Moz 3
       30. Redemption
       31. Rio Maria
       32. Rurópolis
       33. Santa Maria das Barreiras
       34. Santana do Araguaia
       35. São Domingos do Araguaia
       36. São Félix do Xingu
       37. São Geraldo do Araguaia
       38. São João do Araguaia
       39. Sapucaia
       40. Senator Joseph Porfírio
       41. Trairao
       42. Fiber
       43. Tucurui
       44. Uruará
       45. Vitória do Xingu
       46. Xinguara
       
       Remarks:
       
       1. Baiao: only the area represented by the left bank of Rio Tocantins, by the time Estrada PA 156, near the town of Joana Peres, with the fixed position of monitoring state department of defense industry.
       
       2. Marabá: except the area located to the right bank of the Rio Tocantins.
       3. Porto de Moz: only the area represented by the right bank of the Rio Jarauçu and the left bank of the Rio Xingu.
       
       *** The Buffer Zones and not entering the High Surveillance status of FMD-free zone with vaccination.
       
       Source: http://extranet.agricultura.gov.br/sislegis-consulta/consultarLegislacao.do?operacao=visualizar&id=16233
       http://extranet.agricultura.gov.br/sislegis-consulta/consultarLegislacao.do?operacao=visualizar&id=18234
       
       Circuit Livestock
       
       Regionalization employed is based on the relationship between the geographical prevalence of production systems and the interdependence of these systems in the process of marketing livestock and their products and byproducts.
       
       Each of these sets of trade and production systems (creating, growing and fattening), integrated in a network, configure a circuit livestock more or less independent of the other circuits.
       
       Within each circuit, the production systems mentioned are inter-related in terms of creation of dependencies, which arise through flows of trade. This allows circuits to be used as livestock March methodology for deployment in areas free of FMD in the country.
       
        According to the following statement in 1992 were defined five circuits livestock: South, Midwest, East, North and Northeast. These circuits beyond the divisions between the federative units.
       
       
       
       Source: Panaftosa
       
       The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), recognized by the OIE, allows the application of measures that restrict the freedom of trade, when there is a need to protect life and human health, animal and plant.
       
       In addition to the SPS Agreement, the meat goes through a maturation process that is being treated by the cold for at least 24 hours, whose goal is the elimination of microbiological contamination.
       
       Vaccination Strategy:
       
       The months for carrying out steps of vaccination vary according to the drive circuit and federal livestock involved, and set mainly according to the prevailing weather conditions, the season of concentration of the birth of calves and the intensity and seasonality of handling and marketing of animals . Currently, the strategies employed for vaccination in the country can be summarized in three separate schemes:
       
       i) Vaccination half of the entire herd cattle and buffalo, adopted in most units, federal, or
       
       ii) vaccination stratified by age group, where the immunization is addressed mainly to young animals, which are vaccinated two or three times within a year, and the animals older than 24 months vaccinated once a year, or
       
       iii) annual vaccination, in regions of the country where the geographical conditions prevailing limit the handling of animals given the time of the year (the Pantanal region, Mato Grosso, Pantanal, Mato Grosso and south of the archipelago Marajó).
       
       The standards establish control over the mandatory vaccination of steps down, although any vaccination outside the official timetable can only be done with the authorization of the official veterinary service. After each stage of vaccination, which lasts on average 30 days, the owner of the animals must register it in the local units of veterinary services within the established deadlines, and the default are subject to fines and the impediment to trade in animals , but in such cases, the herd be vaccinated under monitoring and supervision of official veterinary service.
       
       In addition, it should be noted that vaccination against FMD is a key issue for trade / movement of cattle and buffaloes in the states where its application is mandatory. Thus, cattle and buffalo born between the stages of vaccination and any adult should be carried for any purpose by previous vaccination.
       
       
       
       Source: MAP
       Preparation: Abiec